Statistics
Analyze data using mean, median, and mode
Introduction to Statistics
Statistics involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to make informed decisions.
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean (Average): Sum of all values divided by the number of values
Mean = (5 + 7 + 9 + 11) / 4 = 32 / 4 = 8
Median: Middle value when data is arranged in order
For 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 → Median = 7
For 3, 5, 7, 9 → Median = (5 + 7) / 2 = 6
Mode: Most frequently occurring value
In 2, 2, 3, 5, 7, 7, 7 → Mode = 7
Measures of Spread
Range: Difference between highest and lowest values
Range = Maximum − Minimum
Standard Deviation: Measures how spread out data is from the mean
- Small standard deviation = data clustered near mean
- Large standard deviation = data spread out
Data Representation
- Bar Graphs: Compare categories
- Line Graphs: Show trends over time
- Pie Charts: Show proportions of a whole
- Histograms: Show frequency distribution